Youth crime in the UK

The types of crime

There are many types of crime such as knife crime, gun crime, burglary, robbery, vandalism, anti-social behaviours, fraud, identity fraud, bogus callers, drugs and crime.
Youth crime in UK


According to Hough and Roberts (2003), the public report shows that there are many misperception about youth crime exist to youth crime in England and Wales .Firstly, most people neglect the real statistics and believe that the number of young offenders has increased since 2001.Moreover, most people also over-estimate the proportion of youth crime and it seems likely that the public knows little about the structure of youth justice in Britain.

In order to reduce the rate of youth crime, it is said that increasing discipline in schools is the most effective way of reducing youth crime according to the public report. However, the discipline in schools is not enough to reduce youth crime, it is better to integrate the efforts of family, society and schools. First of all, parents should give a health environment to their children and become a good supervisor to avoid the committing of crime. Secondly, schools are required to announce the knowledge of laws which relate to the youth crime. Finally, the public should increase their awareness of the youth crime and promote public confidence in youth justice.

Monarchy

I am interested in the Charles prince because he has got two times controversial marriage. Prince Charles is the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He was born on 14 November, 1948, known as Prince of Wales. He married Lady Diana Frances Spencer on 29 July, 1981. Their wedding was well-known all over the world and admired because Diana is a nearly perfect woman, at least, for me, she is a fantastic, elegant and intelligent. In particular, she concerned the Social Vulnerable Group and made a large contribution to the charity .Therefore, she is admired by a lot of people and even after her death, the Princess's work lives on in the form of commemorative charities and projects set up to help those in need. In addition, for many girls, their marriage was ‘fairytale’ .However, it is shamed that this ‘fairytale’ marriage was eventually collapse and the Princess was killed in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997.After that, the Prince of Wales married Mrs Camilla Parker Bowles on 9 April 2005 at a civil ceremony at the Guildhall in Windsor, followed by a service of prayer and dedication in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. Although their marriage was also doubt, against and never been understood, it is worth mentioning that the princes is brave because he overcome all of the difficulty and achieve his love with Camilla.

SPORTS

Sport plays an important role in people’s lives in the UK, it is a main form of entertainment for a large number of people, especially for men .Moreover, and there are a number of famous sporting venues in Britain such as football, rugby union, horse-racing, cricket, golf and motor racing.

However, I am particularly interested in rugby which similar to American football in the ball uses (egg-shaped) and its aim (to carry the ball over the opposing team’s line)

Rugby originated from Rugby school in Warwickshire. It is similar to football, but played with an oval ball. In particular, around this time the influence of Dr Thomas Arnold, Rugby's headmaster who made great contribution to the development of the rugby. Rugby was beginning to be felt around all the other boarding school, and his emphasis on sport as part of a balanced education naturally encouraged the general adoption of the Rugby rules across the country, and, ultimately, the worldRules,

In the rugby competition, a player who does not have the ball should not be interfered. Furthermore, There are 2 types of rugby in Britain - Rugby League, which is played nationally between regional teams, and Rugby Union, played between international teams at fierce competitions such as the Six Nations and the Rugby Union World Cup there are fifteen players per team in rugby union and thirteen in rugby league; playing time is eighty minutes. In addition, there are no time-outs and players do not wear body armours, Players can carry the ball and tackle each other. The best rugby teams compete in the Super League final each September.

For many years Rugby was only played by the rich upper classes, but now it is popular all over the country. There are two different types of rugby - Rugby League, played mainly in the north of England, and Rugby Union, played in the rest of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, together with France and Italy, play in an annual tournament called the Six Nations.

Famous players,

Four former England representatives have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame such as Bill Beaumont, Martin Johnson, Jason Leonard, and Wavell Wakefield.

Venue: Britain is home to some of rugby's most famous grounds, including Twickenham in London- the home of Rugby World Cup champions and the Web Ellis Cup. Then there's the spectacular 72,500-seat Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, and Murrayfield in Edinburth- the home of Scottish rugby.Achievements

The United Kingdom is to have a golden decade of sport after England won the right to hold the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

In China,it is said table tennies is the nation sports which is placed by two or four people hitting a ball with rackets back and forth to each other on a table. However, table tennies, actually, stem from Britain in 1800S.There are many outstanding and famous table tennies in Chian such as Yaping Deng ,Guoliang Zhang, Yiling Zhang.

Traditional food

My favourite British food is fish and chips but I don’t like that food which is for breakfast such as beans, sausages and bread because I used to have boil rice with vegetable or ‘steamed bread’ which is a kind of food makes of flour for my breakfast.
Food
Generally, the traditional British food quite differs from Chinese traditional food. For example, British food has traditionally been based on beef, lamb, pork, chicken and fish and generally served with potatoes and one other vegetable. The most common and typical foods eaten in Britain include the sandwiches, fish and chips, pies, like the Cornish pasty, trifile and roasts dinners. Some of their main dishes have strange names like Bubble and squeak and Toad-In-The-Hole. The staple foods of Britain are meat, fish, potatoes, flour, butter and eggs. Many of their dishes are based on these foods.
Some samples of the typical troditional British food :
1.Toad-in-the-Hole (sausages covered in batter and roasted.) Similar to Yorkshire pudding but with sausages placed in the batter before cooking.

2.Roast Meats ( cooked in the oven for about two hours)
Typical meats for roasting are joints of beef, pork, lamb or a whole chicken. More rarely duck, goose, gammon, turkey or game are eaten.

3.Fish and chips

However,it is well-known that Chinese foods are diversity because they are based on many different materials.There are so many traditional and special Chinese foods, according to the folk culture, district, religion, and festival. For the famous classes divided by district, there are style of Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan, North-West, and so on…or by folk, there are kejia, Yunnan, Fujian, etc.
Some typical samples of troditional Chinese foods:
1."Buddha Jumps the Wall", called as ‘Fotiaoqiang’ in Chinese.

2.Dumplings(jiaozi)


3.Hongkong style foods






4.Pyramid-shaped dumplings made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves are a traditional Chinese food for the Dragon Boat Festival which falls on the 5th of the 5th lunar month



5.New year cake which is made of rice, a typical traditional food for New year.

Drinks The traditional drinks in U.k. are coffee, tea and wine.
Firstly,Tea in Britain is traditionally brewed in a warmed china teapot, adding one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot. Most British like strong and dark tea but with a lot of milk.
Secondly,Coffee is now as popular in Britain as tea is. People either drink it with milk or have it black and either have freshly- made coffee or instant coffee.


Thirdly,Bitter ,Britain is also well known for its ale which tends to be dark in appearance and heavier than lager.


Although tea culture is as strong as in the UK,people prefer to drink pure tea which is different from British people who prefer to drink tea with milk and sugar.Moreover,Chinese people also drink alcohol such as wine,beer,whereas the most famous traditional alcohol drinks in China is 'Shaojiu'.

Pubs in the UK
UK is famous for its pubs culture and pubs are the major entertainment for British people which serves a various of drinks such as wine,bitter,and soft drinks.Pubs are an important part of British life. People talk, eat, drink, meet their friends and relax there.Some typical names are The Chequers, The White Swan, The Crown, The King's Arms, The Red Lion and The White Horse.Moreover, it is interesting that if a church has the name St. Mary's the nearest pub is traditionally called The Star.

































































































































































































































































































































































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Differences of the welfare between China and UK

Generally, In the UK the welfare state looks after all its citizens who are in need, however, In China the welfare State does not cover all its citizens, only some of citizens can get the benefits from the welfare state because of its own situation of nation.

In the UK, there is a special department which runs the social security in Britain, called Department of Work and Pensions agencies. It is the most expensive programme and is financed from general taxation and contributions by employers and workers. The social security system is beneficial for the following groups which are pregnant women, unemployed people and people over 65.Particular; the NHS is an important part of the social security which provides free health care for all its resistances.

However, the significant difference between UK and China is the range of the social security system covered. In China, the social security system has not perfect enough and just cover those people who work for the government and the national enterprises and affairs organisation such as education system and hospital rather than all citizens. Moreover, the health service in China is charged not as same as the UK. All people have to go to hospital or private diagnostic clinic if they are ill; the family doctors in China are not as popular as the UK.

Despite of these differences, there are still existing some similarities, for example, there are many charities existing in both two countries to help the people who need help such as red cross, and we has got the unemployed insurance as well which is financed by employers. Private and the State.

Different educations between UK and China

As the impact of different culture and tradition, the education system in west countries almost differs from it in east countries. However, they also have some similarities. This article will take the British education system and Chinese education system for examples.
Firstly, the obvious one similarity between the education systems in the UK and China is the pre-school or pre-preparatory education stage. Both the UK and China has two types of schools which are independent and the stage systems, many children start their education at the age of three or four at a nursery school or in the nursery class at a primary school.
Although this similarity, there are more differences between these two countries as following aspects.
Both the UK and China has two types school which are independent and stage system, but in UK, the stage system for this stage of study is for fee and the independent school for charging. However, it differs from China; it is charged in both types of school.
Secondly, the stages of the education are different, for example, in the UK, there are major four phases of education for people in UK which are Primary education, Lower secondary education, upper secondary education and Higher and further education. However, there are major four stages which are Primary school, junior, senior and tertiary. There are no extra educations for Chinese student before they enter College or University.
First of all, the Primary education which have two stages, people from age 6 to 7 will enter to the key stage 1 and those whose ages from 7 to 11 will enter to the stage 2.However,in China, generally, people from age 7 to 11 will take the same course in primary school which lasts for 6 years.
Thirdly, In the UK, after primary school, people will enter to the Secondary school and all UK secondary school will teach pupils at least until the age of sixteen and prepare them for GCSEs and equivalents. On the contrary, in China, People will be required to enter the middle school (junior) for 3 years.
Fourthly, students may legally leave school and start work at the age of sixteen after secondary education. However, most students study A-levels or equipment qualifications as sixth-form students in a school, sixth-form college or College of father education. In contrast, most students will continue to study in high school which is preparing for their university, and some of them choose to study the secondary school which is ready for working.
After that ,students in UK normally have to take the foundation courses before they enter the university, however, there is no any foundation courses for Chinese students before they enter the university of colleges.

The Newspaper

The sun

Title:Jordan and Alex have a quickie in Vegas

This title shows the news that the famous model Jordan who has quickly got married to Alex in Las Vegas.

The Guardian:Energy bills will be unaffordable without systerm overhaul

This title indicates the Energy bills will rise, regulator Ofgem today warned Britons may not be able to afford to heat their homes in the years ahead unless there is radical overhaul of the country's energy supplies.

The Mirror:Katie Weds Alex

The title shows the same news of The Sun.the model Jordan marries CBB winner in Las Vegas.

The times:Tories accused of fiddling violent crime statistics

The Conservatives were accused of fiddling statistics today after they claimed that violent crime had soared under Labour.

Conclusion,The sun and the The Mirror focus on the 'Gossip' news,However,both The Times and The Guardian are more focusing on the serious politics news.

Christmas Cards

Hello,Jeanette,

Merry Christmas to you!

Wish you will have a happy

Christmas with your families!

Government

§ The minister of Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: Hilary Benn, whose jobs focus on the UK Climate Projections and the Government’s plans to adapt to the challenges it will cause.

§ Secretary of State for Transport‘s minister: Lord Adonis, who’s responsibilities are involved in the security on the road ,delivery of Government's transport commitments and Long-term transport strategy, including high speed rail and carbon

§ Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs’ minister: David Miliband, who is responsible for relations with foreign countries, matters pertaining to the Commonwealth of Nations and the UK's overseas territories and the promotion of British interests abroad.
§ Secretary of State for Work and Pensions’ minister: Yvette Cooper, whose jobs refer to reduce the rate of unemployment and ensure people’s pension when they retired.

§ Secretary of State for Defence’s minister: Bob Ainsworth charged with making and executing Defence policy, and with providing the means by which it is executed, the Armed Forces. He is Chairman of the Defence Council and of its three Boards, (the Admiralty Board, the Army Board and the Air Force Board).

§ Home Secretary for the Home Office’s minister: Alan Johnson who is responsible for immigration control, security and order. Also, responsible for the police, United Kingdom Borders Agency and MI5, It is also in charge of government policy on security-related issues such as drugs, counter-terrorism and ID cards.

§ Secretary of State for Health’s minister: Andy Burnham, who is responsible for NHS , social care delivery , system reforms, Finance and resources and Strategic communications.

§ Chancellor of the Exchequer’s minister: Alistair Darling, who is the head of the treasury and control the finance of Britain.

§ The Prime Minister's responsibilities: First of all, the Prime Minister is the head of the UK Government and is ultimately responsible for the policy and decisions of Government. Moreover, as head of the UK Government the Prime Minister also oversees the operation of the civil service and Government agencies, appoints members of the Cabinet, and is the principal Government figure in the House of Commons.

The Welsh Assembly

Today, we visited the Welsh Assembly which is a national assembly for Wales, located in Cardiff Bay .Also, is a fantastic building which is built with traditional Welsh materials such as slate and Welsh oak and other sustainable materials such as glasses .In addition, this building represents sustainability and democracy and it is a place for welsh politicians and people to discuss about their rights and to make decisions.

The Welsh Assembly is sustainability and friendly building because of the following reasons. First of all ,the inside of the building is still very bright without any electricity light because it is made of a lot of glasses ,so there is much natural sun light. Moreover, the roof of the building which is specially designed can recycle the rain to use for the toilets of the Assembly. Finally, It doesn’t need heaters or air-conditioners to control the temporary of the inside Assembly because the temporary is controlled by the natural source which is from the under of floor.

The Welsh Assembly’s responsibilities are involved in many areas such as education, health, environment and culture and so on. However, it also has some disadvantages; for example, they haven’t got enough power from London Parliament.

Scrutiny of Parliament

An overview of the three main ways Parliament holds government to account
There are three different ways that Parliament holds the government to account: these three ways are questions, debates and committee which examine and challenge the work of government
The first one is questioning government ministers. In the Commons, the Prime Minister answers questions every Wednesday and ministers from each government department answer the questions orally on a rota basis. In the Lords, government ministers are questioned every day.
Questions may be answered in two different forms: oral forms and writing forms.
The second on is debating. Debates in the Commons look at national and international issues and can be on any subject. The Lords debates and revises major legislation, and also general debates and discuss subjects of topical interest.
Committees: examine issues in detail, from government policy and proposed new laws, to wider topics like the economy. Committees made up of around 10 to 50 MPs or Lords.

The role of ‘questions’ to Ministers in the House of Commons and House of Lords

Members of Parliament oblige minister to explain and defend the work, policy decisions and actions of their Departments. However, the House of Commons and the House of Lords question the government in different ways:

Questions from House of Commons, which is called ‘Order of Oral Questions’, relate to the responsibilities of the government department.

Questions from House of Lords are not as the Commons dose, the Lords focuses on questions to the Government as a whole.

The role of Select Committees

Select Committees check and report on areas ranging from the work of government departments to economic affairs. The aims of Select Committees are offering advices, to producing reports and altering legislation.

Besides,Select Committees work in both the Commons and the Lords:

The Commons Select Committees are always focusing on examining the work of government departments which include spending, policies and administration.While the Lords Select Committees concentrate on four main areas: Europe, science, economics, and the UK constitution. They spend most of their time on investigations of specialist subjects.

Halloween

Halloween means All Hallows Eve, or the night before the 'All Hallows', also called 'All Hallowmas', or 'All Saints’, All Soul observed on November 1.It is celebrated on October 31^st in every year. Its original date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain .The Celts celebrated their new year on November 1, which means the end of summer, the harvest and the beginning of the dark, cold winter .Beside, a time of this year was often connected to human death. On the night of October31, they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth and it is a day which is easier for Celtic priests to make predictions about the future.

Moreover, there are a number of interesting things about Halloween, for example, the colours black and orange have become associated with the celebrations because of the darkness of night and the colour of fire of pumpkins. Finally, There many activities on the celebrating of Halloween, including trick-or treating, wearing costumes and attending costume parties, ghost tours, bonfires and so on.

International Plocy

The International Policies include foreign policy, aid and development, security policy and justice and home affairs.I am going to explain some of them which are more important.

Foreign policy: The EU is a player in the reforming the global trading system, its aim at giving an important collective voice on the international state to promote peace, security and progress in Europe and the word. However, the EU may only act when all of its members are in agreement. Especially, The UK has a far in flounce on global issues that affects all of us by co-operating with EU partners.

Aid and development: There are many problems cause from war and terrorism to crime, mass migration and the spread of diseases, which spread freely across borders. Therefore, The UK is committed to getting rid of poverty and meeting the UN Millennium Development Goals. Besides, The EU now accounts for more than 55% of global aid, and It is also the world's largest provider of humanitarian aid.
Trade and customs: First of all, Britain is one of the most open economies in the world; Furthermore, they are the fifth largest international trading nation, and the second largest exporter of services .As a result, The UK IS committed to making international trade fairer and more open. In addition to the WTO Round, the EU is negotiating with other countries at a bilateral and regional level. Negotiations are already underway for Free Trade Agreements with the Gulf Co-operation Council and Marcos countries. The EU recently launched Free Trade Agreement negotiations with India, South Korea and countries from the Association of South-East Asian Nations.

The four nations

Britain consists of four nations which are England,Scotland, Wales and Ireland and there are a lot of differences among these nations, such as their traditional custom, identifying symbols, and national identity and so on.

England: The flag of England is St George’s Cross (the colour is red and white); the England's national floral emblem is Rosethe capital city is London; the name of England takes from the Angles and most of England is lowland which are mainly of Germanic Origin; the most common surname in England is actually ‘Smith’.

Scotland: There are two kinds of flags in Scotland which are St Andrew’s cross(the colour is blue and white)and Lion rampant(the colour is red and yellow); the Scotland’s floral emblem is Thistle and its capital city is Aldeburgh and they’ve got their own language which is Scottish. Moreover, the people in highland Scotland belonged to the Celtic race and those in lowland Scotland were mainly of Germanic origin. In addition, the prefix ’Mac’ or ‘Mc’ in surnames is always Scotland; the most common surname in Scotland is actually ’Smith’ and there are also nicknames for Scotland; In Scotland, the kilt is a very well-known symbol of Scotland; the bagpipes are the most famous musical instrument which are regarded as distinctively Scottish; Finally, the most interesting thing is that the Scots have a regulation for being careful with money.

Wales: The flag of Wales is Dragon of Cadwallader(the colour is red, green and white); the Wales’s national floral is Leek /Daffodil ;the capital city is Cardiff; the people in Wales belonged to the Celtic and they speak Welsh as well; there is a large number of surnames suggest Welsh origin and there are also nicknames of Welsh men; the harp is an emblem of Ireland and the Welsh are renowned for their singing ability.

Ireland:The flag of Ireland are both of St Patrick’s Cross (the colour is red and white ) and Republic of Ireland (the colour is green, white and orange);the Ireland’s floral is Shamrock for Irish, they also speak Irish and the people in Ireland also belonged to the Celtic race ,besides, first names can also be indicative between Scottish and Irish. In Ireland, the most famous musical instrument is the harp which is the same to the Walsh; the Irish are supported to be great talkers.

the Victorian Age

I am especially interested in Victoria who is one of the most famous historical people in the word,not only just what she contributed to the UK but also the person who she is.When I was in my middle school,I have known her from my history course,but just very basic information about her.After that,when I moved up to study in my university,I learned more about her.

First of all,how is the person she is.She became the Queen in 1837 when she was 18 years old,and married a German prince called Albert three years later,and there is a very romantic story about their love .However, her husband died when she was very young,then she had never married with others because she loves her husband very much even all her life.So I respect her attitude of love .Moreover,the most important thing is how she affected the development of UK,even all over the world,she is one of the most successful and greatest Queen in the UK,there were many advances in many ares such as science,economy and culture and so on during the Victorian period.In addition,the territory of British Empire was extending at that time,meanwhile, the Britain's army and navy was the most powerful at the Victorian Age. In generally,she obtained a giant achievements in different ares when she was the Queen of the UK.
She built the most famous era which chinese people call :Sun does not set the Empire.I really admire her abilities in the policy and leading .

uk quid

I am surprised that there are a lot of colloquial words in English people's daily life,they are very interesting and convinient.And I learned more informations about British geogrophy as well as some commonsences of UK.